Preliminary Phytochemical Screening and Acute Toxicity Study of Methanol leaf extracts of Musanga cercropioides
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.62050/ljsir2024.v2n1.164Keywords:
Musanga cercropioides, Methanol extracts, Phytochemicals, Toxicity, Lethal Dose 50Abstract
Musanga cercropioides is a plant that is used to treat a variety of ailments in many African countries. However, just a few studies have been conducted to assess the toxicity of the various sections of this plant. The goal of this study was to determine the toxicity profile of Musanga cercropioides methanol leaf extract in albino rats. Lorke's approach was used to conduct an acute toxicity study. In the first phase, nine (9) albino rats were randomly divided into three (3) groups of three (3) animals each. Each of the animals were orally administered 10,100 and 1000 mg/kg body weight of the extract. In the second phase, twelve (12) animals were used, which were divided into four groups of three (3) animals each. The first three groups received single doses of 1500, 3000, and 5000 mg/kg, respectively, while the fourth group which served as a control was given distilled water orally. After observation for 14 days, no signs of mortality were identified. The maximum dose supplied (5000 mg/kg body weight) did not affect the test animals' mortality or general behavior. When the treated groups were compared to the control groups, there was no significant difference (p > 0.05) in biochemical markers, body weight, or relative organ weights of liver, kidney, heart, and spleen. These findings show that oral administration of Musanga cercropioides methanol leaf extract is safe at a dose of up to 5000 mg/kg body weight in Wistar albino rats.
Downloads
References
Adeniyi, S. O., Olufemi-Adeniyi, O. A. and Erinoso, S. M. (2015). Traditional/Alternative Medicine: An Investigation into Identification, Knowledge and Consumption Practices of Herbal Medicine among Students with Hearing Impairment in Ibadan, South-Western Nigeria. Journal in Education and Practices. 6(15): 143-149.
Akindele, A. J., Agunbiade, F. O., Sofidiya, M. O., Awodele, O., Sowemimo, A. Ade-Ademilua, O., Akinleye, M. O., Ishola, I. O., Orabueze, I., Salu, O. B., Oreagba, I. A., Asekun, O. T. and Odukoya, O. (2020). COVID-19 Pandemic: A Case for Phytomedicines. Natural Product Communications. 15 (8): 1–9
Ayinde B. A., Omogbai E. K. I., Onwukaeme, D. N. (2010). Hypotensive effects of 3, 4-dihydroxybenzyaldehyde isolated from the Phytochemistry stem bark of Musanga cecropioides. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy. 1(1): 004-009
Ekor, M. (2013). The growing use of herbal medicines: issues relating to adverse reactions and challenges in monitoring safety. Frontiers in Pharmacology. 4: 177
Fatokun, O. T., Wojuola, T. E., Esievo, K. B., Kunle, O. F. (2016). Medicinal plants used in the management of asthma: a review. European Journal of Pharmaceutical and Medical Research. 3: 82-92
Fomogne, C. Y., Van, V. S., Ndinteh, D. T., Krause, R. W. M. and Olivier, D. K. (2014) Antibacterial activities of plants from Central Africa used traditionally by the bakola pygmies for treating respiratory and tuberculosis-related symptoms. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 155(1): 123-131.
Janero, D.; R. (1990). Malondialdehyde and thiobarbituric acid-reactivity as diagnostic indexes of lipid-peroxidation and peroxidative tissue-injury. Free Radical Biology and Medicine 9: 515-540
Kalra A, Yetiskul E, Wehrle C. J, Tuma, F. (2023). Physiology, Liver. National Center for Biotechnology Information
Lacaille, D. M. A.; Frank, U.; Wagner, H. (2001). Search for potential angiotensin converting Enzymes (ace)-inhibitors
Liu, L., Hoang-Gia, T., Wu, H., Lee, M. R., Gu, L., Wang, C., Yun, B. S., Wang, Q., Ye, S. and Sung, C. K. (2011). Ginsenoside Rb1 improves spatial learning and memory by regulation of cell genesis in the hippocampal subregions of rats. Brain Research. 1382: 147-154
Mapanga, R. F. and Musabayane, C. T. (2010). The renal effects of blood glucose-lowering plant-Derived extracts in diabetes mellitus-an overview. Renal Failure; 32(1):132-138
Mensah, M. L. K., Komlaga, G., Forkuo, A. D., Firempong, C., Anning, A. K. and Dickson, R. A. (2019). Toxicity and Safety Implications of Herbal Medicines Used in Africa. Herbal Medicine
Owolabi O. J., Ayinde B. A., Nworgu, Z. A., Ogbonna, O. O. (2010). Anti-diarrheal evaluation of the ethanol extract of Musanga cecropioides stem bark. Methods and findings in experimental and clinical pharmacology. 32(6): 407-411
Piao, Y., Liu, Y. and Xie, X. (2013). Change Trends of Organ Weight Background Data in Sprague Dawley Rats at Different Ages. Journal of Toxicologic Pathology. 26(1): 29–34
Sameron-Manzano, E. and Garrido- Cardenas, J. (2020). Worldwide Research Trends on Medicinal Plants. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 17(10), 3376
Shemishere, U. B., Anyebe, D. A., Bashir, A. Y., Emmanuel, J., Ifie, J. and Yahaya, T (2020). Phytochemical Screening and Free Radical Scavenging Activities of Methanol Leaf and Flower Extract of Securidaca longipedunculata. FUDMA Journal of Sciences. 4(1): 37 – 42
Shemishere, U. B., Taiwo, J., Turaki, A. A., Bello, A., Anyebe, D. A. and E. S. Omoregie (2019). Phytochemical constituents and In vitro Antioxidant Activities of Methanol leaf extracts of Musanga cercropioides and Maesobotrya barteri Savanna Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences 1(1): 145-153
Sowemimo A., Okwuchuku E, Samuel F. M., Ayoola O., and Mutiat I. (2015). Musanga cecropioides leaf extract exhibits anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive activities in animal models. Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia. 25: 506–512
Ukwuani-Kwaja, A.N., Sani, I., and Kindzeka, L.S. (2021). Acute and Subchronic Toxicity Studies of Methanol Leaves Extract of Ficus Platyphylla on Albino Rats. Drug Discovery, 15(35), 115-121
Uwah, A. F., Otitoju, O., Ndem, J. I. and Peter, A. I., (2013). Chemical composition and antimicrobial activities of adventitious root sap of Musanga cecropioides. Der Pharmacia Lettre. 5 13–16
Lacaille, D. M. A., Frank, U. and Wagner, H. (2001). Search for potential angiotensin converting Enzymes (ace)-inhibitors from plants. Phytomedicine, 8(1), 47-52.
Lorke D. (1983). A new approach to practical acute toxicity testing. Archives of Toxic., 54(4), 275–287. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01234480
Janero, D. R. (1990). Malondialdehyde and thiobarbituric acid-reactivity as diagnostic indexes of lipid-peroxidation and peroxidative tissue-injury. Free Radical Biology and Medicine 9, 515-540.
Reitman, S. and Frankel. S. (1957). A colorimetric method for determination of serumglutamate oxaloacetate and alanine oxaloacetate. Amer. J. Biomed. Res., 28, 56-58
Sofowora A. (1993). Medicinal Plants and Traditional Medicine in Africa, 2nd ed. Ibadan, Spectrum Books Ltd. pp. 134–156.
Trease, G. E. and Evans, W. C. (1989). A Textbook of Pharmacognosy, 13th ed. London: Bailliere Tyndall Ltd. pp. 345- 356.
Harbone, J. B. (1998). Phytochemical Methods: A Guide to Modern Techniques of Plant Analysis. 3rd Ed. New York: Chapman and Hall, pp.149-188.
Ukwuani-Kwaja, A. N., Sani, I. and Kindzeka, L. S. (2021). Acute and subchronic toxicity studies of methanol leaves extract of Ficus Platyphylla on Albino rats. Drug Discovery, 15(35), 115-121.
Shemishere, U. B., Anyebe, D. A., Bashir, A. Y., Emmanuel, J., Ifie, J. and Yahaya, T. (2020). Phytochemical screening and free radical scavenging activities of methanol leaf and flower extract of Securidacalongipedunculata. FUDMA Journal of Sciences, 4(1), 37–42.
Steven, K. R. and Mylecrdfaine, L. (1994). Issues in Chronic Toxicology. In Principles and Methods of Toxicology; Hayes, A.W., Ed.; Ravan Press: New York, NY, USA, p. 673.
Iversen, P. O. and Nicolaysen, G. (2003). Water for life. The Journal of the Norwegian Medical Association, 123, 3402–3405.
Piao, Y., Liu, Y. and Xie, X. (2013). Change trends of organ weight background data in Sprague Dawley rats at different ages. Journal of Toxicologic Pathology, 26(1), 29–34.
Kalra A, Yetiskul E, Wehrle C. J, Tuma, F. (2023). Physiology, Liver. National Center for Biotechnology Information.
Davey, M. W., Stals, E., B. Panis, B., Keulemans, J. and Swennen, R. L. (2005). High-through put determination of malondialdehyde in plant tissues. Analytical Biochemistry, 347, 201–207.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Lafia Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
How to Cite
