Assessment of Physicochemical and Bacteriological Quality of Government Intervention Borehole Water in Ipetu-Ijesa, Osun State

Authors

  • Ibukun Modupe Adesiyan
    Department of Environmental & Occupational Health, University of Medical Sciences, Ondo, Nigeria
    https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4127-7236
  • Oluwatoyin Olaoluwa Ajimuda
    Department of Environmental & Occupational Health, University of Medical Sciences, Ondo, Nigeria
  • Yetunde Feruke-Bello
    Department of Microbiology, University of Ilesha, Osun State, Nigeria
  • Oluwaseun Emmanuel Odipe
    Department of Environmental & Occupational Health, University of Medical Sciences, Ondo, Nigeria
  • Taiwo Adekanmi Adesakin
    Department of Zoology, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria

Keywords:

Array, Array, Array, Array, Array

Abstract

Access to clean and safe drinking water remains a significant public health concern in Nigeria, where millions lack improved water sources. This study assessed the physicochemical and bacteriological quality of water from selected government intervention boreholes in Ipetu-Ijesa, Osun State. Water samples were collected from five boreholes and analysed for parameters including pH, electrical conductivity, turbidity, total dissolved solids (TDS), dissolved oxygen (DO), nitrate levels, salinity, and microbial contamination (total coliform and Escherichia coli counts). The results indicated that most physicochemical parameters fell within the permissible limits set by the World Health Organisation (WHO) and Nigerian Standards for Drinking Water Quality (NSDWQ). However, turbidity and total coliform counts exceeded safe limits in some locations. Total coliform counts ranged from 2.0 to 14.0 cfu/100 mL with a mean value of 7.0 cfu/100 mL. Borehole D (Oko Owo) exhibited the lowest contamination levels, while Borehole C (Bamikemo) recorded the highest total coliform count. No faecal coliforms were detected in the examined samples. Boreholes A, B, and C exhibited elevated conductivity, TDS, and temperature, suggesting potential contamination from environmental and anthropogenic sources. Borehole D had slightly acidic water, indicating possible metal leaching. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) revealed strong correlations between conductivity, TDS, and temperature, highlighting potential underground contamination sources. Although the physicochemical characteristics and total coliform counts were mostly within permissible limits, deviations in some boreholes suggest the need for continuous monitoring and quality assessment to ensure safe drinking water.

Author Biography

Ibukun Modupe Adesiyan

Senior Lecturer

Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Medical Sciences, Ondo, Nigeria

 

Dimensions

Han, X., Boota, M. W., Soomro, S. E. H., Ali, S., Soomro, S. G. H., Soomro, N. E. H., ... & Tayyab, M. (2024). Water strategies and management: current paths to sustainable water use. Applied Water Science, 14(7), 154.

Nwinyi, O. C., Uyi, O., Awosanya, E. J., Oyeyemi, I. T., Ugbenyen, A. M., Muhammad, A., ... & Omoruyi, I. M. (2020). Review of drinking water quality in Nigeria: towards attaining the sustainable development goal six. Annals of Science and Technology, 5(2), 58-77.

Bhardwaj, K., Boora, N., & HAU, H. (2023). Water Quality Parameter. Shweta Sharma, 78.

Akhtar, N., Syakir Ishak, M. I., Bhawani, S. A., & Umar, K. (2021). Various natural and anthropogenic factors responsible for water quality degradation: A review. Water, 13(19), 2660.

Sonone, S. S., Jadhav, S., Sankhla, M. S., & Kumar, R. (2020). Water contamination by heavy metals and their toxic effect on aquaculture and human health through food Chain. Lett. Appl. NanoBioScience, 10(2), 2148-2166.

Isukuru, E. J., Opha, J. O., Isaiah, O. W., Orovwighose, B., & Emmanuel, S. S. (2024). Nigeria's water crisis: Abundant water, polluted reality. Cleaner Water, 100026.

Hardoy, J. E., Mitlin, D., & Satterthwaite, D. (2024). Environmental problems in Third World cities. Taylor & Francis

Nwachukwu, M. O., Azorji, J. N., Nwachukwu, C. U., Adjeroh, L. A., Iheagwam, S. K., & Manuemelula, N. U. (2020). COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF WATER QUALITY FROM HARVESTED RAIN AND BOREHOLE WATER IN OWERRI-WEST, IMO STATE. International Journal of Environmental and Pollution Research, 8(2), 13-28.

Wen, X., Chen, F., Lin, Y., Zhu, H., Yuan, F., Kuang, D., ... & Yuan, Z. (2020). Microbial indicators and their use for monitoring drinking water quality—A review. Sustainability, 12(6), 2249.

Aralu, C. C., Okoye, P. A., Abugu, H. O., Eze, V. C., & Chukwuemeka-Okorie, H. O. (2023). Potentially toxic element contamination and risk assessment of borehole water within a landfill in the Nnewi metropolis. Health and Environment, 4(1), 186-197.

Baird, R., Rice, E., & Eaton, A. (2017). Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewaters. Water Environment Federation, Chair Eugene W. Rice, American Public Health Association Andrew D. Eaton, American Water Works Association, 1, 71-90.

APHA (2012). American Public Health Association, in Standard Methods for Examination of Water and Waste Water, American Public Health Association Press, Washington, DC, USA, 22nd edition

NSDWQ, U. (2007). Nigerian standard for drinking water quality. Nigerian Industrial Standard, NIS, 554, 13-14

Oka, I. A., & Upula, S. A. (2021). Physicochemical, bacteriological, and correlational evaluation of water obtained from boreholes and springs in a sub-urban community. World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews, 11(3), 134-145.

Smith, P. (2019). Exploring Nigerian Towns: A Geographic Perspective. Journal of African Geography, 22(4), 301-318.

Johnson, M. T., et al. (2020). Assessment of pesticide residues in surface water bodies in Nigeria. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 27(10), 10857–10870.

Aleru, C. P., Ollor, O. A., Agi, V. N., & Azike, C. A. (2020). Assessment of physicochemical and bacteriological qualities of borehole water sources in Gokana local government area, Rivers state, Nigeria. International Journal of Pathogen Research, 3(3-4), 1-8.

Adeyemi, A. I. (2020). Bacteriological and Physicochemical quality of Borehole water used for drinking at Olusegun Agagu University of Science and Technology, Okitipupa, Nigeria. International Journal of Environment, Agriculture and Biotechnology, 5(4).

Zhang, S., Tian, Y., Guo, Y., Shan, J., & Liu, R. (2021). Manganese release from corrosion products of cast iron pipes in drinking water distribution systems: Effect of water temperature, pH, alkalinity, SO42− concentration and disinfectants. Chemosphere, 262, 127904.

Leslie, E., Hinds, J., & Hai, F. I. (2021). Causes, factors, and control measures of opportunistic premise plumbing pathogens—A critical review. Applied Sciences, 11(10), 4474.

Zalvan, C. H., Geliebter, J., & Tiwari, R. (2020). Laryngopharyngeal reflux and the Mediterranean diet. In The Mediterranean Diet (pp. 429-452). Academic Press.

Johnson, R. M., White, E. R., & Brown, J. K. (2019). Impact of industrial discharges on electrical conductivity in water bodies. Environmental Pollution, 242(Part A), 351-362.

Morka, E., Ejechi, B. O., & Emmanuel-Akerele, H. A. (2021). Physico-chemical and bacteriological screening of household water supplies in selected communities in Edo State, Nigeria. Acta Microbiologica Bulgarica, 37(4), 226-231.

World Health Organization. (2022). Guidelines for drinking-water quality: incorporating the first and second addenda. World Health Organization.

Jones, R., Smith, K., & Johnson, P. (2020). Cultural influences on the identity of Ipetu-Ijesa: A historical perspective. African Studies Review, 25(3), 102-118.

Loi, J. X., Chua, A. S. M., Rabuni, M. F., Tan, C. K., Lai, S. H., Takemura, Y., & Syutsubo, K. (2022). Water quality assessment and pollution threat to safe water supply for three river basins in Malaysia. Science of The Total Environment, 832, 155067.

Müller, K., & Cornel, P. (2017). Setting water quality criteria for agricultural water reuse purposes. Journal of Water Reuse and Desalination, 7(2), 121-135.

Pestana, I. A., Almeida, M. G., Bastos, W. R., & Souza, C. M. (2019). Total Hg and methylmercury dynamics in a river-floodplain system in the Western Amazon: Influence of seasonality, organic matter and physical and chemical parameters. Science of the Total Environment, 656, 388-399.

Ibietela, D. S., Alabo, A., & Omokaro, O. (2021). Bacteriological and Physicochemical Quality of Mono-pumps and Boreholes used as Sources of Domestic Water Supply in Abonnema Rivers State, Nigeria. South Asian Journal of Research in Microbiology, 9(4), 44-55.

Fakeye, D. O., Usiholo, F. I., Anyaele, O. O., & Daodu, A. (2018). Physico-chemical and Bacteriological assessment of Borehole Water in some selected rural communities of Edo State. SAU Science-Tech Journal, 3(1), 58-69

cover

Published

2025-05-18

How to Cite

Assessment of Physicochemical and Bacteriological Quality of Government Intervention Borehole Water in Ipetu-Ijesa, Osun State. (2025). Lafia Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research, 3(2), 34-40. https://doi.org/10.62050/ljsir2025.v3n2.526

Issue

Volume 3, Issue 2 (October, 2025), Lafia Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research (LJSIR)

Section

Life Sciences
Copyright & Licensing

Copyright (c) 2025 Lafia Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

How to Cite

Assessment of Physicochemical and Bacteriological Quality of Government Intervention Borehole Water in Ipetu-Ijesa, Osun State. (2025). Lafia Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research, 3(2), 34-40. https://doi.org/10.62050/ljsir2025.v3n2.526

Similar Articles

1-10 of 37

You may also start an advanced similarity search for this article.