Geochemical Characterization and Mineralization Potential of  Basement Rocks in Arum, North-Central Nigeria

A. S. Usman; A. B.  Segun; Mohammed Aliyu Kaura; A. S. Mukaila; Andarawus Y; I. M. Sanusi; Aliyu S; L. O. Agho; T. E. Bamidele

doi:10.62050/ljsir2026.v4n1.727

Auteurs

A. S. Usman Department of Geology, Federal University of Lafia, Nasarawa State, Nigeria Auteur
A. B. Segun Department of Geology, Nasarawa State University, Keffi, Nigeria Auteur
Mohammed Aliyu Kaura Department of Geology, Federal University of Lafia, Nasarawa State, Nigeria Auteur
A. S. Mukaila Department of Geology, Federal University of Lafia, Nasarawa State, Nigeria Auteur
Andarawus Y Department of Geology, Federal University of Lafia, Nasarawa State, Nigeria Auteur
I. M. Sanusi Department of Geology, Federal University of Lafia, Nasarawa State, Nigeria Auteur
Aliyu S Department of Geology, Federal University of Lafia, Nasarawa State, Nigeria Auteur
L. O. Agho Department of Geology, Federal University of Lafia, Nasarawa State, Nigeria Auteur
T. E. Bamidele Department of Geology and Mineral Science, Kwara State University, Malete, Nigeria Auteur

DOI :

https://doi.org/10.62050/ljsir2026.v4n1.727

Mots-clés :

Arum, Geochemistry, mineralization, Petrogenesis, X-ray fluorescnce, peraluminous, Pathfinder

Résumé

Geochemistry and mineral potential of Arum and environs, North Central Nigeria, was carried out to evaluate and characterize the major and trace elements composition in the rocks and stream sediments of the area. Sixteen rock samples from four lithologies and eighteen stream sediments were collected at strategic locations. The samples were geochemically analyzed for major and trace elements using X-ray fluorescence. The silica concentrations in the pegmatite and granodiorite range from 76.0 to 79.95 weight percentage (wt%) and 74.09 to 76.01 weight percentage (wt%), respectively, according to the analytical results, which showed that both minerals are extremely siliceous. All of the lithologies in the study area exhibit a slightly consistent concentration of Al2O3, with the ranges being 13.48 to 15.06 in fine to medium grain granite gneiss, 14.65 to 15.91 in medium grain banded gneiss, 13.26 to 14.3 weight percent (wt%) in granodiorite, and 14.26 to 14.65 weight percent (wt%) in pegmatite. The TAS plot of silica saturation index indicates that Arum rocks are granitic, and the aluminum saturation index
indicates that Arun rocks are primarily peraluminous. The geochemical concentration shows the spatial distribution and enrichment. The bar-chart concentration plots revealed an uneven anomalous concentration of thorium (Th), tantalite (Ta), niobium (Nb), tin (Sn), and rubidium (Rb) in ppm, compared to their respective background concentration, which revealed a positive anomalous concentration. Arum shows allochthonous mineralization that is structurally controlled and can be regarded as been mineralized in Th, Nb, Sn, U, and Ta.

##plugins.themes.default.displayStats.downloads##

##plugins.themes.default.displayStats.noStats##

Références

Abaa, S. I. (1985). The structure and petrography of alkaline rocks of the Mada Younger Granite complex, Nigeria. Journal of African Earth Sciences, 3(1–2), 107–113. https://doi.org/10.1016/0899-5362(85)90029-6

Adekeye, J. I. D., & Akintola, O. F. (2007). Geochemical features of rare-metal pegmatites in Nasarawa area, central Nigeria. Journal of Mining and Geology, 43(1), 15–21. https://doi.org/10.4314/jmg.v43i1.18860

Ajibade, A. C. (1998). Structural and tectonic evolution of the Nigerian Basement with special reference to NW Nigeria. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Proterozoic Geology and Tectonics of High-Grade Terrains. Ile-Ife, Nigeria.

Anudu, G. K., Obrike, S. E., Iyakwari, S., & Ikpokonte, A. E. (2012). Preliminary structural study of LANDSAT imagery over Wamba and environs, Nasarawa State, northcentral Nigeria. Research Journal of Applied Sciences, 7(1), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.36478/rjasci.2012.1.9

Černý, P., London, D., & Novák, M. (2012). Granitic pegmatites as reflections of their sources. Elements, 8(4), 289–294. https://doi.org/10.2113/gselements.8.4.289

Cozza, V., Guagliardi, I., Rubino, M., Cozza, R., Martello, A., Picelli, M., & Zhupa, E. (2015). ESOPO: sEnsors and SOcial POllution measurements. CEUR Workshop Proceedings, 1478, 52–57.

Black, R. (1980). Precambrian of West Africa. Episodes, 3–8

Daspan, R. I., Yakubu, J. A., & Lar, U. A. (2007). Geochemical characteristics of gabbroic intrusive bodies in the Sha Kaleri Younger Granite Complex, central Nigeria. Continental Journal of Earth Sciences, 2, 7–13.

Ekwueme, B. N. (1994). Basaltic magmatism related to the early stages of rifting along the Benue Trough: The Obudu dolerites of southeast Nigeria. Geological Journal, 29(3), 269–276. https://doi.org/10.1002/gj.3350290306

Ekwueme, B. N. (1994). Structural features of southern Obudu Plateau, Bamenda Massif, SE Nigeria: Preliminary interpretations. Journal of Mining and Geology, 30(1), 46–49.

Ephraim, B. E., Ekwueme, B. N., & Adamu, I. C. (2006). The petrology of the northeastern region of Obudu Plateau, Bamenda Massif, southeastern Nigeria. Global Journal of Geological Sciences, 4(2), 109–119. https://doi.org/10.4314/gjgs.v4i2.45139

Ogunleti, Y. S., Arikawe, E. A., & Okegye, J. I. K. (2014). Geochemical assessment of tin tantalum mineralization in Precambrian pegmatite exposed at Angwan Rimi (Sheet 208 NE), north central Nigeria. Pacific Journal of Science and Technology, 15(1), 415–425.

Olayinka, A. I. (1992). Geophysical siting of boreholes in crystalline basement areas of Africa. Journal of African Earth Sciences, 14(2), 197–207. https://doi.org/10.1016/0899-5362(92)90097-V

Cox, K. G., Bell, J. D., & Pankhurst, R. J. (1979). The interpretation of igneous rocks. London: Allen & Unwin.

Jatau, B. S., Oloniniyi, L. T., Tanko, Y. I., & Bingari, H. (2012). Preliminary stream sediment analysis for gold prospecting at Ragga and environs, part of Kurra Sheet 189 SW, North Central Nigeria.

Jatau, B. S., Oloniniyi, L. T., Tanko, Y. I., & Bingari, H. (2013). Book of Proceedings of Akure AGM/Conference, Nigerian Society of Mining Engineering, 62–70.

Federal Surveys Nigeria. (1967). Topographical map of Kurra S.W. (Sheet 189 SW), scale 1:50,000.

Garba, I. (2000). Gold prospects of the Nigeria Pan African terrain of West Africa. Journal of Mining and Geology, 36(2), 123–135.

Gandu, A. H., Ojo, S. B., & Ajakaiye, D. E. (1986). A gravity study of the Precambrian rocks in the Malumfashi area of Kaduna State, Nigeria. Tectonophysics, 126(2), 181–194. https://doi.org/10.1016/0040-1951(86)90227-1

Guagliardi, I., Apollaro, C., Scarciglia, F., & De Rosa, R. (2013). Influence of particle size on geochemical distribution of stream sediments in the Lese River catchment, southern Italy. Biotechnologie, Agronomie, Société et Environnement, 17(1), 43–55.

Guagliardi, I., Buttafuoco, G., Apollaro, C., Bloise, A., De Rosa, R., & Cicchella, D. (2013). Using gamma ray spectrometry and geostatistics for assessing geochemical behaviour of radioactive elements in the Lese catchment (southern Italy). International Journal of Environmental Research, 7(3), 645–658. (

Guagliardi, I., Buttafuoco, G., Cicchella, D., & De Rosa, R. (2013). A multivariate approach for anomaly separation of potentially toxic trace elements in urban and peri urban soils: An application in a southern Italy area. Journal of Soils and Sediments, 13(1), 117–128. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11368-012-0583-0

Guagliardi, I., Ricca, N., & Cicchella, D. (2016). From rock to soil: Geochemical pathway of elements in Cosenza and Rende area (Calabria, southern Italy). Rendiconti Online della Società Geologica Italiana, 38, 55–58. https://doi.org/10.3301/ROL.2016.16

Irvine, T. N., & Baragar, W. R. A. (1971). A guide to the chemical classification of the common volcanic rocks. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 8(5), 523–548. https://doi.org/10.1139/e71-055

Jimoh, R. O. (2018). Geochemical characterisation of tourmaline and beryl from selected gem bearing pegmatites in southwestern Nigeria (Doctoral thesis, University of Ibadan). (No DOI)

McDonough, W. F., & Sun, S. S. (1995). The composition of the Earth. Chemical Geology, 120(3–4), 223–253. https://doi.org/10.1016/0009-2541(94)00140-4

Ojo, O. J. (1994). Geological map of Nigeria. Geological Survey of Nigeria. (Map; no DOI)

Okunlola, O. A. (2005). Metallogeny of tantalum niobium mineralization of Precambrian pegmatites of Nigeria. Mineral Wealth, 137, 38–50.

Oluyide, P. O. (1988). Structural trends in the Nigerian Basement Complex. In Precambrian Geology of Nigeria. Geological Survey of Nigeria.

Olashendi, P. I., & Awojobi, M. O. (2004). Geological and geophysical evidence of a north–south fracture system east and west of the upper Gurara River in central Nigeria. Water Resources Journal, 15, 33–37.

Peccerillo, A., & Taylor, S. R. (1976). Geochemistry of Eocene calc alkaline volcanic rocks from the Kastamonu area, northern Turkey. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 58(1), 63–81. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00384745

Dostal, J., & Chatterjee, A. K. (2000). Contrasting behaviour of Nb/Ta and Zr/Hf ratios in a peraluminous granitic pluton (Nova Scotia, Canada). Chemical Geology, 163(1–4), 207–218. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0009-2541(99)00113-8