Prevalence of Typhoid Fever among Admitted Patients of Federal University of Lafia Teaching Hospital, Lafia, Nasarawa State: A Retrospective Observational Study

Ibrahim Garba Bassi; Collins Emmanuel Akpan; Ibrahim Musa Saleh; Olukayode Orole; Itopa Salihu Abdulrasheed

doi:10.62050/ljsir2026.v4n1.819

Prevalence of Typhoid Fever among Admitted Patients of Federal University of Lafia Teaching Hospital, Lafia, Nasarawa State

A Retrospective Observational Study

المؤلفون

Ibrahim Garba Bassi
bassiibrahim2005@gmail.com

Department of Mathematics, Federal University of Lafia, Nigeria
Collins Emmanuel Akpan
Department of Mathematics, Federal University of Lafia, Nigeria
Ibrahim Musa Saleh
Department of Statistics, Federal University of Lafia, Nigeria
Olukayode Orole
Department of Microbiology, Federal University of Lafia, Nigeria
Itopa Salihu Abdulrasheed
Department of Research and Development, Federal University Teaching Hospital Lafia, Nigeria

الكلمات المفتاحية:

Array، Array، Array، Array

الملخص

Typhoid fever remains a significant public health challenge in Lafia, Nasarawa State, with young adults disproportionately affected. This study investigated the prevalence, morbidity, and mortality of typhoid fever among admitted patients at the Federal University of Lafia Teaching Hospital (FULAFIA TH) from 2021 to 2025. A total of 72 cases were documented, with the highest morbidity observed in the 21–30-year age group (25%) and pediatric population (0–10 years, 16.7%). Mortality was concentrated in adults aged 21–40 years, with a case fatality rate (CFR) peaking at 27.8% in the 21–30 age group. Annual trends revealed fluctuating CFRs, ranging from 0% to 18.8%, suggesting variable clinical outcomes possibly linked to delayed presentation and antimicrobial resistance. The study underscores the urgent need for targeted public health interventions, including improved water infrastructure, early diagnostics, and student health programs to mitigate the burden of typhoid fever in Lafia.

Dimensions

REFERENCES

Edward S. (2017). A deterministic mathematical model for direct and indirect transmission dynamics of typhoid fever. Open Access Libr J. 2017;4(5):1–16.

Guglielmi N, Iacomini E & Viguerie A. (2022). Delay differential equations for the spatially resolved simulation of epidemics with specific application to COVID-19. Math Methods Appl Sci. 45(8):4752–71.doi:10.1002/mma.8068.

Ivanoff B, Levine M. M & Lambert P. (1994) Vaccination against typhoid fever: present status. Bull World Health Organ. 1994;72(6):957.

Karunditu JW & Kimathi G Osman S. (2019). Mathematical modeling of typhoid fever disease incorporating unprotected humans in the spread dynamics. J Adv Math Comput Sci.32(3):1–11. doi:10.9734/jamcs/2019/v32i330144.

Masasila NH, & Ngeleja RC (2023). Mathematical analysis of the role of information on the dynamics of typhoid fever; Available from: https://arxiv.org/abs/2310.09825. [Assessed 2024].

Musa SS, Zhao S, Hussaini N, Usaini S & He D. (2021) Dynamics analysis of typhoid fever with public health education programs and final epidemic size relation. Results Appl Math. 2021; 10:100153.

Mushayabasa S, Bhunu CP & Ngarakana-Gwasira ET. (2013). Mathematical analysis of a typhoid model with carriers, direct and indirect disease transmission. Int J Math Sci Eng Appl. 2013;7(1):79–90.

Mushayabasa S. (2016). Modeling the impact of optimal screening on typhoid dynamics. Int J Dyn Control.;4:330–8. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40435-014-0123-4.

Mushanyu J, Nyabadza F, Muchatibaya G, Mafuta P & Nhawu G. (2018). Assessing the potential impact of limited public health resources on the spread and control of Typhoid. J Math Biol.77:647–70. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00285-018-1219-9.

Mushayabasa S. (2013). A simple epidemiological model for Typhoid with saturated incidence rate and treatment effect. Int J Math Comput Sci. 6(6):688–95.

Mutua JM,Wang FB & Vaidya NK. (2015). Modeling malaria and typhoid fever co-infection dynamics. Math Biosci. 2015; 264:128–44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mbs.2015.03.014.

Nsutebu EF, Martins P & Adiogo D. (2003) Prevalence of typhoid fever in febrile patients with symptoms clinically compatible with typhoid fever in Cameroon. Trop Med Int Health. ;8(6):575–8.

https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3156.01012. x.

Nyerere N, Mpeshe SC & Edward S. (2018) Modeling the impact of screening and treatment on the dynamics of typhoid fever. World J Model Simul.14(4):298–306.

Peter OJ, Ibrahim MO, Edogbanya HO, Oguntolu FA, Oshinubi K & Ibrahim AA. (2021). Direct and indirect transmission of typhoid fever model with optimal control. Results Phys. 2021; 27:104463.

Punchihewage-Don AJ, Hawkins J, Adnan AM, Hashem F & Parveen S. (2022). The outbreaks and prevalence of antimicrobial resistant Salmonella in poultry in the United States: an overview Heliyon.2022;8(11):e11613.

Shaikh AS & Nisar KS. (2019) Transmission dynamics of fractional-order typhoid fever model using Caputo-Fabrizio operator. Chaos Solit Fractals. 128:355–65. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chaos.2019.08.012.

Suhuyini A. K &Seidu B. (2023) A mathematical model on the transmission dynamics of typhoid fever with treatment and booster vaccination. Front Appl Math Stat.; 9:1151270. https://doi.org/10.3389/fams.1151270.

} Tilahun GT, Makinde OD & Malonza D. (2018). Co-dynamics of pneumonia and typhoid fever diseases with cost effective optimal control analysis. Appl Math Comput. 2018; 316:438–59. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amc.2017.07.063.

World Health Organization. (2019). Typhoid vaccines: WHO position paper, March 2018–recommendations. Vaccine. 2019;37(2):214–6.

Yalwa M. M, Akpan C. E, Atanyi Y. E. Akpan E. C & Abdulrashed I. S. (2026). A Mathematical Modeling of the dynamics of Typhoid fever. Fulafia Journal of Science and Technology. 10(1):148–155. https://doi.org/10.62050/fjst2026.v10n1.719.

Read/Download PDF (الإنجليزية)

منشور

2026-04-29

كيفية الاقتباس

Prevalence of Typhoid Fever among Admitted Patients of Federal University of Lafia Teaching Hospital, Lafia, Nasarawa State: A Retrospective Observational Study. (2026). Lafia Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research, 4(1), 226-232. https://doi.org/10.62050/ljsir2026.v4n1.819