CHARACTERISTIC  DISTRIBUTION  AND  SOURCE APPORTIONMENT OF  SOME  HEAVY METALS ON STREET  DUST  OF  IKORODU  AREA  OF  LAGOS  STATE,  SOUTHWESTERN,  NIGERIA.

Authors

  • ojiodu chukwuwuba chekwube ojiodu
    Yaba College of Technology
  • Dr. Akin S. Olaleru
    Yaba College of Technology
  • E. G. Olumayede
    Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Technology, Oye - Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria
  • A. W. Ashiru
    Department of Biological Sciences, Yaba College of Technology, Yaba - Lagos, Nigeria
  • A. O. Eruola
    Department of Chemical Sciences, Yaba College of Technology, Yaba - Lagos, Nigeria
  • D. O. Moses
    Department of Biological Sciences, Yaba College of Technology, Yaba - Lagos, Nigeria
  • O. O. Oyebamiji
    College Central Research Laboratory, Yaba College of Technology, Yaba - Lagos, Nigeria

Keywords:

Array, Array, Array, Array, Array

Abstract

This research reports the characteristic distribution and source apportionment of some heavy metals in dust of
Ikorodu area of Lagos State. The dust samples were collected randomly four times a month at ten different locations
in Ikorodu area. Dust samples were obtained by sweeping surface dust into plastic waste packer using plastic brush
and transferred into pre-labeled polythene bags. The samples were filtered through 75 μm stainless steel sieve,
weighed, digested with appropriate amount of HNO3 and H2O for 2 h. The concentrations of heavy metals were
analyzed using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). Results showed that the percentage contribution of
each heavy metal at Ikorodu area were: Zn 79.4, Pb 14.8, Cu 0.9, Ni 4.9 and Cd 0.01. The most abundant heavy
metal was Zn 2869.70 mg/kg while the least was Cd 0.69 mg/kg. The most polluted site was
Residential Area 1 (993.674 mg/kg) while the least polluted was Industrial Area 3 (81.397 mg/kg). The major roads
(38.1%) had the highest concentration of heavy metal pollution while the agricultural area (5.7%) had the least
pollution. The sequence and distribution follow the pattern: Zn > Pb > Ni > Cu > Cd. The Principal Component
Analysis PCA showed that the major sources of heavy metals in Ikorodu dust are anthropogenic. Pearson
correlation analysis also showed that there was strong positive correlation (0.887) between the heavy metals. The
concentrations of Heavy metals Zn, Pb, Ni, Cu exceeded the recommended limits of the Federal Ministry of
Environment (FME), European communities (EC) and United Nations Environmental Programme (UNEP)
permissible levels for dust suggesting that the study area is polluted

Dimensions

Abadin, H., Ashizawa , A., Stevens, Y. W., Fernando, L., Gary, D., Gloria, S., Mario, C., Antonio, Q.,

Stephen, J. B. and Steven, G. (2007). Toxicological profile for lead. Agency for Toxic Substances

and Disease Registry (US), Atlanta (GA).

Abbasi, S., Keshavarzi, B., Moore, F., Hooke, P. K., Kelly, F.J. and Dominguez, A. O. (2020). Elemental

and magnetic Analyses, source identification and oxidative potential of airborne, passive, and

street dust articles in Asaluyeh County, Iran, The Sci. of the Total Environment, 707 (10): 136132.

Adie, P.A., Torsabo, S.T., Uno, U.A. and Ajegi, J. (2014). Funaria hygrometrica Moss as Bioindicator of

Atmospheric Pollution of Heavy Metals in Makurdi and Environs, North Central Nigeria,

Research J. of Chem. Science, 4(10) : 10 - 17.

Aguilera, A., Armendariz, C., Quintana, P., Garcia – Oliva, F. and Bautista, F. (2019). Influence of land

use and Road type on the elemental composition of urban dust in a Mexican metropolitan area,

Polish J. of Environ. Studies. 28 : 1535 - 1547.

Amato, F., Alastuey, A., De La Rosa, J., Gonzalez Castanedo, Y., Sánchez de la Campa, A. M., Pandolfi, M.,

Lozano, A., Contreras González, J. and Querol, X. (2014). Trends of road dust emissions contributions

on ambient air particulate levels at rural, urban and industrial sites in southern Spain, Atmos. Chem.

Phys.,14 : 3533 - 3544.

Bawuro, A., Voegborlo, R. and Adimado, A. (2018). Bioaccumulation of heavy Metals in some tissues

of fish in Lake Geriyo, Adamawa State, Nigeria. J. of Environ. and Public Health. (1) : 1 - 7.

Benhaddya, M.L., Boukhelkhal, A., Halis, Y. and Hadjel, M . (2016). Human health risks associated with

Metals from urban soil and road dust in an oilfield area of South eastern Algeria, Arch. Environ.

Contam. Toxicolology, 70: 556 - 571.

Bhuiyan, M. A. H., Dampare, S. B., Islam, M.A. and Suzuki, S. (2015). Source apportionment and pollution evaluation of heavy metals in water and sediments of Buriganga River, Bangladesh,using multivariate analysis and pollution evaluation indices, Environ. Monitoring Assessment, 187: 4075.

Briffa, J., Sinagra, E. and Blundell, R. (2020). Heavy metal pollution in the environment and their

toxicological effects on humans. Heliyon 6.

Budai, P. and Clement, A. (2018). Spatial distribution patterns of four traffic-emitted heavy metals in

urban Road dust and the resuspension of brake-emitted particles: Findings of a field study. Transp.

Res. D Transp. Environ., 62: 179 - 185.

Buxton, S., Garman, E., Heim, K.E., Darden, T.L., Schlekat, C.E., Taylor, M.D. and Oller, A. R. (2019). Concise

review of nickel human health toxicology and ecotoxicology. Inorganics 7: 89.

Cao, Y., Chen, A., Radcliffe, J., Diletrich, K., Jones, R. L., Caldwelli, K. and Rogan, W. J. (2009). Postnatal

cadmium exposure, neurodevelopment and blood pressure in children at 2, 5 and 7 years of age,

Environ. Health Perspectives, 117 : 1580 -1586.

Chopra, K., Pathak, C. and Prasad, G. (2009). Scenario of heavy metal contamination in agricultural soil and

its management, J. of Appl. and Nat. Sciences. 1: 99 - 108.

Christoforidis, A.N. and Stamatis, N. (2009). Heavy metal contamination in street dust and roadside soil

along the major national road in Kavala’s region, Greece, Geoderma 151: 257 - 263.

Cui, Y. J. D., Chen, H., Gao, M., Maenhaut, W., He, J. and Wang, Y. (2019). Characteristics and sources of

Hourly trace elements in airborne fine particles in urban Beijing, China. J. of Geophy. Research, 24:

- 11613.

Duan, Z. B., Wang, J., Zhang, Y. X. and Xuan, B. (2017). Assessment of Heavy metals Contamination in

Road Dust rom Different Functional Areas in Guiyang, Southwest, China. Inter. J. of Environ. Sci.

Education. 12: 427- 439.

Dytłow, S. and Górka - Kostrubiec, B. (2021). Concentration of heavy metals in street dust: An implication

of using different geochemical background data in estimating the level of heavy metal pollution,

Environ. Geochem. Health. 43: 521 - 535.

Ekpo, B. O., Uno, U. A., Adie, A. P. and Ibok, U. J. (2012). Comparative Study of Levels of Trace

Metals in Moss Species in Some Cities of the Niger Delta Region of Niria , Inter. J. of Appl. Science.

and Technology, 2(3): 1- 9.

Enuneku, A., Biose, E. and Ezemon ye, L. (2017). Levels, distribution, characterization and ecological risk

assessment of heavy metals in road side soils and earthworms from urban high traffic areas in

Benin metropolis, Southern Nigeria, J. of Environ., Chem. Engineering. 5(3): 2773.

European Commission 2006. Regulation (EC) No 1881/2006. JO L 364, pp. 5 -24.

Faroon, O., Ashizawa, A., Wright, S., Tucker, P., Jenkins, K., Ingerman, L. and Rudisill, C. (2012). Toxicological

profile for cadmium. Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (US), Atlanta (GA) .

Foti, L., Dubs, F., Gignoux, J., Lata, J., Lerch, T. Z., Mathieu, J., Nold, F., Nunan, N., Raynaud, X., Abaddie, L.

and Barot. S. (2017). Trace element concentrations along a gradient of urban pressure in forest and

lawn soils of the Paris region (France), The Sci. of the Total Environ., 598: 938 - 948.

Han, Y.M., PX, D. U., Cao, J. J. and Posmentier, E. S. (2006). Multivariate analysis of heavy metal contamination

in urban dusts of Xi'an, Central China, The Sci. of the Total Environment, 355: 176 - 186.

Heidari, M., Darijani, T. and Alipour, V. (2021). Heavy metal pollution of road dust in a city and its highly

polluted suburb; quantitative source apportionment and source - specific ecological and health

risk assessment, Chemosphere, 273 : 129656.

Hussain, K., Rahman, M., Prakash, A. and Hoque, R.R. (2015). Street dust bound PAHs, carbon and heavy

metals in Guwahati city - Seasonality, toxicity and sources, Sustainable cities Soc., 19: 17 - 25.

Hwang, H.M., Fiala, M. J., Park, D. and Wade, T. L . (2016). Review of pollutants in urban road dust and

stormwater runoff: part 1. Heavy metals released from vehicles, Inter. J. of Urban Science, 20: 334 - 360.

Jahandari, A. (2020). Pollution status and human health risk assessments of selected heavy metals in urban

dust of 16 cities in Iran. Environ. Sci. Pollut. Research. 27: 23094 - 23107.

Jeong, H.Y., Lee, J. H., Kim, K. T., Kim, E. S. and Ra, K. T. (2019). Identification on Metal Pollution Sources in

Road Dust of Industrial Complex Using Magnetic Property Around Shihwa Lake Basin, J. of Korean Soc. Mar. Environ. Energy, 22 : 18 - 33.

Kara, M. (2020). Assessment of sources and pollution state of trace and toxic elements in street dust in a

metropolitan city, Environ. Geochem Health. 42 (10): 3213.

Karbassi, A.R., Nabi - Bidhendi Gh, R. and Bayati, I. (2005). Environmental geochemistry of heavy metals

in a sediment core off Bushehr, Persian gulf, Iran, J. of Environ. Health Sci. Engineering. 2: 225 - 260.

Keshavarzi, B., Abbasi, S., Moore, F., Mehravar, S., Sorooshian, A., Soltani, N. and Najmeddin, A. (2018).

Contamination Level, Source Identification and Risk Assessment of Potentially Toxic Elements (PTEs) and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Street Dust of an Important Commercial Center in Iran, Environ. Management, 62 (4): 803 - 818.

Kui, C. and Chang, L. (2019). Street Dust Heavy Metal Pollution Source Apportionment and Sustainable

Management in A Typical City - Shijiazhuang, China, Inter. J. Environ. Resear. Public Health, 2625 : 1-16.

Li, H. H., Chen, L. J., Yu, L., Guo , Z., Shan, C., Lin, J., Gu, Y., Yang, Z., Yang, Y., Shao, J., Zhu, X. and Cheng, Z.

(2017). Pollution characteristics and risk assessment of human exposure to oral bioaccessibility of heavy metals via urban street dusts from different functional areas in Chengdu, China, The Sci. of the Total

Environment, 586 : 1076 - 1084.

Li, Y.Y., Li, Z.P., Xiong, H.L., Chen, Y.C. and Dai, Y. (2015). Health risk assessment of street dust and heavy

Metal pollution in Chongqing, J. of Southwest University (Natural Science Edition), 37(2): 18 - 23.

Li, K. J., Zhu, X., Yu, W. X. and Yu, Y. N. (2020). Particle Size, Spatial Variations and Pollution Source

Apportionment of Street dust from a typical Industrial district in Wuhan, China, Appl. Ecology

and Environmental Research. 18(2): 3331- 3347.

Liu, E., Yan, T., Birch, G. and Zhu, Y. (2014). Pollution and health risk of potentially toxic metals in urban road

dust in Nanjing, a mega-city of China, The Sci. of the Total Environment, 476: 522 - 531.

Liu, J., Liang, J.,Yuan, X., Dong, H., Zeng, G., Wu, H., Wang, H., Liu, J., Hua, S., Zhang, J., Yu, Z., He, X. and He, Y.

(2015). An integrated model for assessing heavy metal exposure risk to migratory birds in wetland

ecosystem: A case study in Dongting Lake Wetland, China, Chemosphere, 135: 14 -19.

Liu, M., Cheng, S. B., Ou, D. N., Hou, L. J., Gao, L., Wang, L., Xie, Y. S., Yang, Y. and Xu, S.Y. (2007). Characterization, Identification of road dust PAHs in central Shanghai areas, China, Atmospheric Environment, 41 : 8785 - 8795.

Lorenzi, D., Entwistle, J. A., Cave, M. and Dean, J. R. (2011). Determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in urban street dust; implications for human health, Chemosphere, 83: 970 - 977.

Lu, X., Wang, L., Li, L. Y., Lei, K., Huang, L. and Many, D. (2010). Multivariate statistical analysis of heavy metals in street dust of Baoji, N. W. China, J. of Hazard Materials , 173: 744 -749.

Lu, X., Wu, X., Wang, Y., Chen, H., Gao, P. and Fu, Y. (2014). Risk assessment of toxic metals in street dust

from a medium - sized industrial city of China, Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf, 106: 154 - 163.

Lv, J. (2019). Multivariate receptor models and robust geostatistics to estimate source apportionment of

heavy metals in soils, Environ. Pollution, 244: 72 - 83.

Men, C., Liu, R., Xu, F., Wang, Q., Guo, L. and Shen, Z. (2018). Pollution characteristics, risk assessment and

source apportionment of heavy metals in road dust in Beijing, China, The Sci. of the Total Environment, 612: 38 - 147.

Men, C., Liu, R., Wang, Q., Guo, L., Miao, Y. and Shen, Z. (2019). Uncertainty analysis in source apportionment

of heavy metals in road dust based on positive matrix factorization model and geographic information system, The Sci. of the Total Environment, 652: 27-39.

Men, C., Liu, R., Xu, L., Wang, Q., Guo, L., Miao, Y. and Shen, Z. (2020). Source - specific ecological risk analysis

and critical source identification of heavy metals in road Dust in Beijing China, J. of Hazard Materials, 388.

Mohsen, S., Loretta, Y. L. and Mahdiyeh, S. (2012). Heavy metals and Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons:

Pollution and Ecological risk assessment in street dust of Tehran, J. of Hazard. Materials, pp. 227 - 228, 9 -17.

Moses, K. S., Whiting, V. A., Bratton, R. G., Taylor, J. R. and O' hara, M.T. (2009). Inorganic nutrients and

contaminants in subsistence species of Alaska: Linking wildlife and human health, Inter. J. of Circumpol. Health. 68: 53-74.

Ojiodu, C. C., Damazio, O. A. and Oshin, T. T. (2023a). Assessment and Source Apportionment of Heavy - Metals

(Zn, Pb, Cu, Ni, Cd) on Street Dust of Oshodi - Isolo Area, Lagos State, Southwestern Nigeria, Nigerian J. of

Environ. Sci. and Technology.(NIJEST), 7(2): 203 - 216.

Ojiodu, C. C. and Elemike, E. E.(2017). Biomonitoring of Atmospheric heavy metals in Owode - Onirin, Ikorodu,

Lagos, Using Moss Barbular indica (Hook.) Spreng, J. of Chemical Society of Nigeria. 42(2): 96 - 100.

Ojiodu, C. C., Eruola, A. O., Chinweoke, N. L., Haruna, A. D. and Jesse, W. A. (2022a). Assessment of Heavy

metals (Zn, Pb, Cu, Ni, Cd) on Street Dust: A Case Study of Oshodi - Isolo Area, Lagos - State, Southwestern - Nigeria, Inter. J. of Science and Society, 8(1):73 - 82. ISSN: 2276-7924.

Ojiodu, C. C., Eruola, A.O., Chinweoke, N. L., Haruna, A. D. and Jesse W. A. (2022b). Heavy Metals Presence in

Street Dust of Ikeja Area of Lagos - State, Southwestern- Nigeria, Inter. J. of Science and Society, 8(1): 121 -132. ISSN: 2276 -7924.

Ojiodu, C. C., Eruola, A. O., Damazio, O. A. and Oshin, T. T.(2023b). Characteristic Distribution and Source

Apportionment of Heavy Metals (Zn, Pb, Cu, Ni and Cd) on Street Dust of Ikeja Area of Lagos State, Southwestern Nigeria, Nig. J. of Environ. Sci. and Technology. (NIJEST), 7(2): 217 - 231. ISSN (Print): 2734 -259X | ISSN (electronic): 2734 - 2603.

Ojiodu, C. C., Moses, D. U., Damazio, O. A. and Oshin, T. T. (2023c). Appraising Heavy - Metals distribution in

Street Dust of Ketu - Mile 12 Area of Lagos - State, South-Western, Nigeria, Nig. J. of Environ. Sci.and Technology(NIJEST), ISSN (Print): 2734 - 259X|ISSN (electronic): 2734-2603. 7(2): 277 - 290.

Ojiodu, C. C., and Olumayede, E. G. (2018). Biomonitoring of heavy metals using Polytrichum commune as a

bioindicator in a Macroenvironment, Lagos - State, Southwestern - Nigeria FUW Trends in Sci. & Tech. (FTST) Journal, 3(1): 287- 291.

Ojiodu, C. C., Olumayede, E. G. and Okuo, J. M. (2018). The level of heavy metals in the atmosphere of a

microenvironment, Lagos state, southwestern - Nigeria using Moss plant (Dicranium scorparium) as

Bioindicator. Sci. World J., 13(4): 69 - 74. ISSN 1597- 6343.

Olowoyo, J. O., Mugivhisa, L. L. and Magoloi, Z. G. (2016). Composition of trace metals in dust samples collected

from selected high schools in Pretoria, South Africa, Appli. Environ. Soil Sci., pp. 1 - 9.

Pan, H., Lu, X. and Lei, K. (2017). A Comprehensive analysis of heavy metals in urban road dust of Xi’an, China: Contamination, source apportionment and spatial distribution, The Sci. of the Total Environment, 609 :1361 - 1369.

Praveena, S. M.(2019). Characterization and risk analysis of metals associated with urban dust in Rawang (Malaysia), Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicology, 75: 415 - 423.

Qin – Qin, L., Yi – Ting, G. and Jing-sheng, L. (2023). Review on main sources and impacts of Urban Ultrafine particles :Traffic emission, nucleation and Climate modulation, Atmospheric Environment, 19: 1- 17.

Querol, X., Viana, M., Alastuey, A., Amato, F., Moreno, T., Castillo, S., Pey, J., De la Rosa, J., De La Campa, A. S.,

Artíñano, B. and Salvador, P. (2007). Source origin of trace elements in PM from regional background,

urban and industrial sites of Spain, Atmospheric Environment, 41: 7219 - 7231.

Rahman, M. S., Khan, M. D. H., Jolly, Y. N., Kabir, J., Akter, S. and Salam, A. (2019). Assessing risk to human

health for heavy metal contamination through street dust in the Southeast Asian Megacity: Dhaka, Bangladesh, The Sci. of the Total Environment, 660 : 1610 - 1622.

Rai, P., Furger, M., Slowik, J. G., Zhong, H., Tong, Y., Wang, L., Duan, J., Gu, Y., Qi, L., Huang, R. J. and Cao, J. (2021). Characteristics and sources of hourly elements in PM10 and PM2.5 during winter time in Beijing, Environ. Pollution, 278: 116865.

Ramírez, O., de la Campa, A. S., Amato, F., Catacolí, R. A., Rojas, N. Y. and de la Rosa, J. (2018). Chemical

composition and source apportionment of PM10 at an urban background site in a high - altitude Latin American megacity (Bogota, Colombia), Environ. Pollution, 233: 142 - 155.

Reyes, B. A., Bautista, F., Goguitchaichvili, A., Contreras, J. M., Owen, P. Q., Carvallo, C. and Battu, J. (2013). Rock - magnetic properties of topsoils and urban dust from Morelia ( >800,000 inhabitants), Mexico: Implications for anthropogenic pollution monitoring in Mexico’s medium size cities, Geofis. Int., 52: 121 - 133.

Roney, N., Osier, M., Paikoff, S. J., Smith, C. V. , Williams, M. and De Rosa, C. T. (2006). ATSDR evaluation of the health effects of zinc and relevance to public health. Toxicology Industrial Health. 22: 423 - 493.

Sahakyan, L., Maghakyan, N., Belyaeva, O., Tepanosyan, G., Kafyan, M. and Saghatelyan, A. (2016). Heavy

metals in urban dust: Contamination and health risk assessment: A case study from Gyumri, Armenia, Arab. J. of Geoscience., 9:142.

Salwan, A. A., Safaa, A. K., Salam, H. E. and Nadhir, A. (2020). Bioaccumulation and health risk assessment of

severe metal pollution of street dust from various urban regions in Baghdad, Iraq. E3S Web of Conferences, 158: 1 - 6.

Saghatelyan, A., Sahakyan, L., Belyaeva, O. and Maghakyan, N.(2014). Studying atmospheric dust and heavy

metals on urban sites through synchronous use of different methods, J. of Atmospheric Pollution, pp. 12 - 16.

Schweizer, C., Edwards, R. D., Bayer-Oglesby, L., Gauderman, W. J., Ilacqua, V., Juhani Jantunen, M., Hak Kan,

L., Mark, N. and Nino, K. (2007). Indoor time -microenvironment-activity patterns in seven regions of Europe, J. of Exp. Sci. and Environ. Epidemiology, 17(2): 170 - 181.

Shabbaj, I. I., Alghamdi, M. A., Shamy, M., Hassan, S. K., Alsharif, M. M. and Khoder, M. I.(2018). Risk Assessment

and Implication of Human Exposure to Road Dust Heavy Metals in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, Inter. J. of Environ. Res. Public Health, pp. 15, 36.

Shinggu, D. Y., Ogugbuaja, V.O., Barminas, J. T. and Toma, I. (2007). Analysis of Street Dust for Heavy metal

Pollutants in Mubi, Adamawa State, Nigeria, Inter. J. of Phy. Science, 2(1): 290 - 293.

Soltani, N., Keshavarzi, B., Moore, F., Tavakol, T., Lahijanzadeh, A. R., Jaafarzadeh, N. and Kermani, M.

(2015). Ecological and human health hazards of heavy metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons

(PAHs) in road dust of Isfahan metropolis, Iran, The Sci. of the Total Environment, 505: 712 - 723.

Suryawanshi, P. V., Rajaram, B. S., Bhanarkar, A. D. and Chalapati Rao, C. V.(2016). Determining heavy metal

contamination of road dust in Delhi, India, Atmósfera., 29: 221 - 234.

Tanner, P., Lingma, H. and Yu, P. K. N. (2008). Fingerprinting metals in urban street dust of Beijing, Shanghai

and Hong Kong, Environ. Sci. Technology, 42 : 7111 - 7117.

Taylor, A. A., Tsuji, J. S. , Garry, M. R., Mckardle, M. E., Goodfellow, W. E., Adams, W. J. and Menzie, C. A. (2020). Critical review of exposure and effects: Implications for setting regulatory health criteria for ingested copper, Environ. Management, 65 : 131-159.

Trujillo - Gonzalez, J. M., Torres - Mora, M. A., Keesstra, S., Brevik, E. C. and Jimenez - Ballesta, R. (2016). Heavy metal accumulation related to population density in road dust samples taken from urban sites under different land uses. Sci. Total Environment, 553, 636 - 642.

Valotto G., Rampazzo, G., Visin, F., Gonella, F., Cattaruzza, E., Glisenti, A., Formenton, G. and Tieppo, P.

(2015). Environmental and traffic - related parameters affecting road dust composition: a multi- technique approach applied to Venice area (Italy), Atmospheric Environment, 122(8): 596 - 608.

Wang, H., Shen, C., Kang, Y., Deng, Q. and Lin, X. (2020). Spatial distribution of pollution characteristics and

human health risk assessment of exposure to heavy elements in road dust from different functional areas of Zhengzhou, China, Environ. Sci. Pollution Research. 27(21): 26650.

Wang, Q., Lu, X. and Pan, H. (2016). Analysis of heavy metals in the re-suspended road dusts from different

functional areas in Xi’an, China, Environ. Sci. and Pollution Research, 23 : 19838 - 19846.

Wei, B., Jiang, F., Li, X and Mu, S. (2009). Spatial distribution and contamination assessment of heavy

metals in urban road dusts from Urumqi, NW China, Microchem., J. 93: 147 - 152.

Xiao, Q., Zong, Y., Malik, Z. and Lu, S. (2020). Source identification and risk assessment of heavy metals

in road dust of steel industrial city (Anshan), Liaoning, Northeast China, Hum Ecolog. Risk Assess. 26: 1359 - 1378.

Xu, Z., Mi, W. B., Mi, N., Fan, X. G., Zhou, Y. and Tian, Y. (2020). Characteristics and sources of heavy metal

pollution in desert steppe soil related to transportation and industrial activities. Environ.

Sci.and Pollution Research. 27(31): 1 - 14.

Yadav, I. C., Devi, N. L., Singh, V. K., Li, J. and Zhang, G. (2019). Spatial distribution, source analysis, and health risk assessment of

heavy metals contamination in house dust and surface soil from four major

cities of Nepal, Chemosphere, 218: 1100 - 1113.

Yu, Y., Ma, J., Song, N., Wang, X., Wei, T., Yang, Z. and Li, Y. (2016). Comparison of metal pollution and health

risks of urban dust in Beijing in 2007 and 2012, Environ. Monitor. Assessment, 188: 1 - 11.

Zhang, C., Qiao, Q., Appel, E. B. (2012). Discriminating sources of anthropogenic heavy metals in urban street dusts using magnetic and

chemical methods, J. of Geochem. Exploration, pp. 60 - 75,119 - 120.

Zhe, X., Wenbao, M., Nan, M, I., Xingang, F., Ying, T., Yao, Z. and Ya - nan, Z. (2021). Heavy metal pollution

characteristics and health risk assessment of dust fall related to industrial activities in desert steppes. Peer J., 9: 1-26, 12430.

Published

24-08-2024

How to Cite

CHARACTERISTIC  DISTRIBUTION  AND  SOURCE APPORTIONMENT OF  SOME  HEAVY METALS ON STREET  DUST  OF  IKORODU  AREA  OF  LAGOS  STATE,  SOUTHWESTERN,  NIGERIA. (2024). FULafia Journal of Science and Technology , 8(2), 23-34. https://doi.org/10.62050/fjst2024.v8n2.323

Issue

Vol. 8 No. 2 (September, 2024): Fulafia Journal of Science and Technology (FJST)

Section

Environmental Sciences
Copyright & Licensing

How to Cite

CHARACTERISTIC  DISTRIBUTION  AND  SOURCE APPORTIONMENT OF  SOME  HEAVY METALS ON STREET  DUST  OF  IKORODU  AREA  OF  LAGOS  STATE,  SOUTHWESTERN,  NIGERIA. (2024). FULafia Journal of Science and Technology , 8(2), 23-34. https://doi.org/10.62050/fjst2024.v8n2.323

Similar Articles

1-10 of 72

You may also start an advanced similarity search for this article.