USE OF CATHODE RAY TUBE (CRT) COMPOSITE WASTE GLASS FOR NUCLEAR SHIELD TILES

Authors

  • Babarinde Oluwaleke Samuel
    Department of Glass and Silicate Technology, Ahmadu Bello University Zaria
  • Ojonugwa Adejo Andrew
    Department of Glass and Silicate Technology, Federal University of Lafia, Nigeria

Keywords:

Cathode ray tube (CRT) , Composite waste glass , Radiation shielding tiles (RST) , linear attenuation , Radiation , Shielding

Abstract

This research is aimed at producing radiation shield tiles from cathode ray tube waste glass, borosilicate waste glass
and soda lime silicate waste glass. The waste glasses were sourced for and crushed to powder. The powder was
sieved through a 0.25 mm sieved with mesh number 60 and analysed using XRF spectrometer to ascertain their
chemical constituents. Twenty-one samples were generated using a 21-point triaxial blend of the three waste
glasses. The various samples were poured into moulds, fired in an electric furnace at 1000oC and soaked for an
hour. Radiation shielding test using a radioactive source (cobalt 60) was carried out. The radiation shielding tests
shows that sample 1 which comprises of 100% CRT had the highest radiation shielding ability with 0.178 cm-1
linear attenuation coefficient and sample 21 which is made up of 100% soda lime silicate glass had the least
radiation shielding ability with 0.109 cm-1 linear attenuation coefficient.According to the 49th NCRP report,
conventional tiles HVL for 60-Co gamma is 6.2 cm; whereas HVL for the RST in this work ranges between 3.8-6.3
cm which shows that the RST is within the range of offering a good radiation protection. The results obtained in this
study showed that the radiation shielding tiles developed can be used as wall tiles in nuclear power facilities and
medical X-ray systems.

Dimensions

Ahmad, A.F, A. R. Razali, and I. S. M Razelan. 2017. Utilization of polyethylene terephthalate ( PET ) in asphalt pavement: A review. In IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 012004.

Adawara. S.N., Mamza. P.A., and Gonah. C.M., (2017). Effect Of Cathode Ray Tube (Crt) Glass In Cement Mortar Composite On Gamma-Radiation Shielding. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/342559673

Ann, H. (2005). An introduction to the Cathode-Ray Tube. U.S.A. University of California, Santa Barbara. Retrieved July 2, 2017, from http://www.writing.ucsb.edu/faculty/holms/ 2E_CRT_report_2.pdf

Andreola. F., Barbieri. L., Corradi. A., Lancellotti. I., Falcone. R., and Hreglich. S. (2005). Glass ceramics obtained by the recycling of end of life cathode ray tubes glasses. https://doi.org:10.1016/j.

America Society for Testing and Materials C373-14a (2014). Standard Test Method for Water Absorption, Bulk Density, Apparent Porosity, and Apparent Specific Gravity of Fired White-ware Products, Ceramic Tiles and Glass Tiles, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA. Retrieved May 20, 2016, from http://www.astm.org.

Azeez, A.B., Mohammed, K.S., Abdullah, M.M.A.B., Hussin, K., Sandu, A.V. & Razak, R.A. (2013). The effect of various waste materials contents on the attenuation level of anti-radiation shielding concrete. Materials, 6(10): 4836-4846.

Brandt, R. C., Martens, R. I. (2012), "Shattering Glass Cookware", American Ceramics Society Bulletin, American Ceramics Society. Retrieved July 1, 2017, from https:// en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borosilicate_glass

Daria. J. N., and Paul. A. L., (2019). High density and radiation shielding concrete. https://doi.org:10.1016/B978-0-08-102616-8.0009-5

Danuta. C., Roman. G., Barbara.S., and Andrze. L., (2016). Innovative use of waste CRT glass in wall cladding tiles production. http://iaras.org/iaras/journals/ijes.

Dillon, Patricia S., (1994). Salvageability by design, IEEE Spectrum, Vol. 31, No. 8, pp. 18-21.

Dusan. G., Nenad. R., and Gordana. T., (2019). Effects of addition of finely ground CRT glass on the properties of cement paste and mortar. DOI: https://doi.org/10.14256/JCE.2594.2018.

Elisburg,D. (1998). OSAH Issues and CRT Glass to Glass De-manufacturing, a memo prepared for morkgroup on Overcoming Barriers to Pollution Prevention, Product Stewardship and Recycling of the 7-CSI Computers and Electronics Sector. Retrieved June 24, 2017, from https://belglas.files.wordpress.com/2015/11/s99-23.pdf

Gonah, C. M. (2001). Design and Fabrication of a Glass Waste Processing Machine. ABU, Zaria.

Hao. Y., Hongcheng. W., and Jie. G., (2018). Synthesis of Foam Glass-Ceramic from CRT Panel Glass using One-step Powder Sintering. https://doi.org :10.1088/1755-1315/186/2/012020

Inner city fund (1999). General Background Document on Cathode Ray Tube Glass to Glass Recycling.U.S Environmental Protection Agency, Fairfax, VA. Retrieved June 22, 2017, from https://belglas.files.wordpress.com/2015/11/s99-23.pdf

Industrial Council for Electronic Equipment Recycling. (2003). New Approach to Cathode Ray Tube (CRT) Recycling. Banbury. Retrieved June 21, 2017, from https://www.ecotic.ro/wp-content/uploads/2015/07/458f73a6c8 5196449d95c3cdbba111ec3febf391.pdf

Industrial Council for Electronic Equipment Recycling. (2004). Materials Recovery from Waste Cathode Ray Tubes (CRTs). WRAP Publishers. Banburry. Retrieved June 21, 2017, from http://ewasteguide.info/files/ ICER_2004_ WRAP.pdf

Jab. B., Jamal. K., Ali. J., Adel. E., and Elham. G., (2021). Structural Performance of Reinforced Concrete Beams Incorporating Cathode-Ray Tube (CRT) GlassWaste. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings11020067.

Jakob (2012). Foaming of Waste Cathode Ray Tube Panel Glass via Calcium Carbonate. Technical University of Denmark, Riso Campus, Denmark. Retrieved June 23, 2017, from http://www.iaea.org/inis/collection/NCLCollectionStore/_Public/42/006/ 42006060. pdf

James, J.P., Mora, R. (2009). Feasibility of Reusing Glass Aggregate from Crushed Cathode Ray Tube in Concrete Structures. Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering University of Miami, Coral Gables. USA. Retrieved June 24, 2017, from http://www6.miami.edu/crt/index_files/Proposal.pdf

John. R. (2003). Reuse/Recycling of Glass Cullet for non- Container Uses. Dare County Departments of Public Works. 1919 Aliant Energy Center Way Madison. Retrieved July 1, 2017, from http://www.darenc.com/departments/public-works/recycling.

Junliang. T., (2017). Use of Crushed Recycled Glass in the Construction of Local Roadways. DOT F 1700.7 (8-72)

Kwan-hoong, N. (2003). Non-Ionizing Radiations – Sources, Biological Effects,Emissions and Exposures. Proceedings of the International Conference on Non-Ionizing Radiation at UNITEN ICNIR2003 Electromagnetic Fields and Our Health. Retrieved June 25, 2017, from http://www.who.int/peh-emf/meetings/archive/en/keynote3ng.pdf

Mear, F., Yot, P., Cambon, M., Ribes, M. (2006) The Characterization of Waste Cathode Ray Tube Glass.Waste Management., 26;1468-1476. Retrieved July 2, 2017, from http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1878029616000517

Miao. Y., Lili. L., and Jinhui. L., (2016). An overall solution to cathode-ray tube (CRT) glass recycling. 887 – 896. www.sciencedirect.com

Natalia. W., Marcin. G., and Jan. K., (2021). Discarded Cathode Ray Tube Glass as an Alternative for Aggregate in a Metakaolin-Based Geopolymer. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13020479

National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements. (2006). Structural shielding design and evaluation for megavoltage X and γ-Co-ray radiotherapy facilities. NCRP report no. 151, Oxford University Press.

Paschal. O., and Gilbert. A., (2017). Incorporation of finely ground waste cathode ray tube glass in concrete. DOI: 10.5276/JSWTM.2017.207

Raija. S. (2006). Glass can be Recycled for ever. In Utilization of End of Life Cathode Ray TubeGlasses in Ceramics and Glass Industry. Gumerus Printing, Vaajakosi, Finland. Retrieved July 2, 2017, from http://www.journalrepository.org/media/journals/ ACSJ_16/2014/Apr/Ertu452014ACSj8939_1.pdf

Romero, Diego, Jacqueline James, Rodrigo Mora, and Carol D. Hays. 2013. Study on the mechanical and environmental properties of concrete containing cathode ray tube glass aggregate. Waste Management 33(7): 1659–66.

Robert J.K. (2011). Cathode Ray Tube Glass Proposal. Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA. Retrieved June 20, 2017, from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23687726

Sims Recycling Solution (2011). Plunging demand for CRTs Sends Glass Market Down the Tubes. U.S.A. Retrieved June 22, 2017, from http://www.simsrecycling.com/~/media /Files/SRS%20US/CRT%20White%20Paper.ashx

Sonay. G., and Baytas A. F., (2015). Shielding of gamma radiation by using porous materials. DOI: 10.12693/APhysPoIA.128.B-174

Stefano. M., Gabriele. T., and Erika. F., (2013). Recycling Glass Cullet from Waste CRTs for the Production of High Strength Mortars. https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/102519.

Wiederhorn, S.M. (1969). "Fracture stress energy of glass". Journal of the American Ceramic Society. 52 (2): 99–105. https://doi.org:10.1111/j.1151-2916.1969.tb13350.x.

Yong C.S (2011). A Study on Recycling of CRT Glass Waste. IASCIT Press Singapore. Retrieved July 1, 2017,from http://www.ipcbee.com/vol12/46-C20039.pdf

288

Published

10-06-2024

How to Cite

USE OF CATHODE RAY TUBE (CRT) COMPOSITE WASTE GLASS FOR NUCLEAR SHIELD TILES. (2024). FULafia Journal of Science and Technology , 8(1), 59-65. https://doi.org/10.62050/fjst2024.v8n1.288

Issue

Vol. 8 No. 1 (March, 2024): Fulafia Journal of Science and Technology (FJST)

Section

Environmental Sciences
Copyright & Licensing

How to Cite

USE OF CATHODE RAY TUBE (CRT) COMPOSITE WASTE GLASS FOR NUCLEAR SHIELD TILES. (2024). FULafia Journal of Science and Technology , 8(1), 59-65. https://doi.org/10.62050/fjst2024.v8n1.288

Similar Articles

21-30 of 49

You may also start an advanced similarity search for this article.