Nutritional and Antinutritional Composition of Defatted Flours, Protein Concentrates and Protein Isolates of Honey Bean (Vigna unguilculata L Kalp) and Pinto Black (Phaseolus vulgaris)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.62050/fscp2024.449Keywords:
Nutritional, Antinutritional, Defatted, Concentrates, IsolatesAbstract
Nutritional and antinutritional composition of honey bean (Vigna unguiculata L. Kalp) and pinto black bean (Phaseolus vulgaris), along with their defatted flour (DF), protein concentrate (PC), and protein isolate (PI), were studied. Protein concentrates and isolates were prepared from defatted seeds using the isoelectric precipitation method, followed by proximate and antinutritional analyses. The results showed carbohydrate compositions of 56.24% & 61.45% in DF, 16.26% & 19.43% in PC, and 3.36% & 1.35% in PI for honey bean (HB) and pinto black bean (PB), respectively. The protein values of the samples differed significantly (p < 0.05), showing a progressive increase from DF (33.35% & 27.92%) to PC (75.16% & 72.28%) and PI (88.17% & 92.02%), respectively. The percentage of ash, fiber, fat, and moisture in the defatted flours was 4.11% & 4.11%, 2.52% & 2.22%, 1.55% & 2.01%, and 2.23% & 2.97% for honey bean and pinto black bean, respectively. Only trace amounts of fat were detected in PC and PI. The antinutritional factors studied included phytate (3.42% & 3.40%), saponins (0.70% & 0.82%), tannins (0.20 mg/100 g & 12.62 mg/100 g), alkaloids (8.33% & 8.05%), oxalates (1.27% & 0.23%), flavonoids (3.73% & 2.08%), cyanide (0.52 mg/100 g & 0.24 mg/100 g), and total phenols (0.87% & 0.58%) in DF. The levels of these antinutritional factors in PC and PI were significantly lower and posed no nutritional concerns. The amino acid profile indicated that both samples contained substantial amounts of essential amino acids. The most abundant essential amino acid was leucine, with values of 4.55 & 4.81 g/100 g crude protein in DF, 5.90 & 5.17 g/100 g crude protein in PC, and 10.53 & 9.19 g/100 g crude protein in PI. Glutamic acid was the most abundant amino acid across all samples, with the highest concentration observed in PI (17.76 & 19.00 g/100 g crude protein). The amino acid analysis demonstrated that the PI samples were superior compared to the FAO/WHO provisional reference pattern. However, supplementation may be necessary for DF samples. The results also suggest that the isolates can be used to supplement cereal-based diet.
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